The North Saskatchewan River

The North Saskatchewan River has a rich history, deeply intertwined with the lives of Indigenous peoples and the development of the region. For centuries, it served as a vital source of sustenance, transportation, and cultural significance for First Nations like the Cree, Blackfoot, and Nakota Sioux. The river played a key role in the fur trade, early European exploration, and the establishment of settlements, including Edmonton. 

Indigenous History:

• Lifeline for First Nations:

  The North Saskatchewan River, known as kisiskâciwani-sîpiy in Cree, provided Indigenous communities with food, water, transportation, and access to hunting and gathering grounds. 

• Cultural and Spiritual Significance:

  The river was, and still is, a place of ceremony, medicine gathering, and spiritual connection for many Indigenous peoples. 

• Treaty Relationships:

  The river valley was a crucial area for the signing of Treaty No. 6 in 1876, marking a significant moment in the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian government. 

European Exploration and Fur Trade:

• Fur Trade Route:

  The river served as a major transportation route for fur traders, connecting the interior of the continent with trading posts. 

• Forts and Settlements:

  Fort George and Buckingham House were established on the riverbanks in 1792, showcasing the cultural exchange between Indigenous and European populations. 

• Early Exploration:

  The river facilitated early scientific expeditions and the expansion of European settlement. 

Modern History:

• Edmonton's Foundation:

  The North Saskatchewan River valley played a vital role in the development of Edmonton, with early neighborhoods like Rossdale and Walterdale forming along its banks. 

• Flooding and Development:

  The river's periodic floods, like the one in 1915, shaped the development of the river valley and led to the construction of flood control measures. 

• River Valley Preservation:

  Efforts to preserve the river valley as a park system began in the early 20th century, culminating in the formation of the River Valley Alliance in 1996. 

• Ongoing Significance:

  Today, the North Saskatchewan River continues to be a vital resource for Edmonton, providing drinking water, supporting recreation, and serving as a natural backdrop for the city.